CovidChloroV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000140

Similar incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine therapy.

Identifieur interne : 000140 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000139; suivant : 000141

Similar incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine therapy.

Auteurs : Juan Macías [Espagne] ; Paz González-Moreno [Espagne] ; Esther Sánchez-García [Espagne] ; Ram N Morillo-Verdugo [Espagne] ; José J. Pérez-Venegas [Espagne] ; Ana Pinilla [Espagne] ; M Mar Macho [Espagne] ; M Victoria Martínez [Espagne] ; Alejandro González-Serna [Espagne] ; Anaïs Corma [Espagne] ; Luis M. Real [Espagne] ; Juan A. Pineda [Espagne]

Source :

PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2021.

RBID : pubmed:33831011

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Espagne (épidémiologie), Facteurs de risque (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (administration et posologie), Incidence (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Prophylaxie après exposition (MeSH), Prophylaxie pré-exposition (MeSH), Rhumatismes (traitement médicamenteux), Rhumatismes (épidémiologie), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Études rétrospectives (MeSH), Études transversales (MeSH).
MESH :
- administration et posologie : Hydroxychloroquine.
- traitement médicamenteux : Rhumatismes.
- épidémiologie : Espagne, Rhumatismes.
- Adulte d'âge moyen, Facteurs de risque, Femelle, Humains, Incidence, Mâle, Prophylaxie après exposition, Prophylaxie pré-exposition, Sujet âgé, Études rétrospectives, Études transversales.
Wicri :
- geographic : Espagne.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Aged (MeSH), COVID-19 (epidemiology), COVID-19 (prevention & control), Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage), Incidence (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (MeSH), Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (MeSH), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), Rheumatic Diseases (drug therapy), Rheumatic Diseases (epidemiology), Risk Factors (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Spain (epidemiology).
MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Hydroxychloroquine.
- geographic , epidemiology : Spain.
- drug therapy : Rheumatic Diseases.
- epidemiology : COVID-19, Rheumatic Diseases.
- prevention & control : COVID-19.
- Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Hydroxychloroquine is not efficacious as post-exposure prophylaxis against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is not known whether as pre-exposure prophylaxis it may prevent COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the incidence of COVID-19 in Spanish patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases treated with and without hydroxychloroquine.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Retrospective electronic record review, from February 27th to June 21st, 2020, of patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases followed at two academic tertiary care hospitals in Seville, Spain. The cumulative incidence of confirmed COVID-19, by PCR or serology, was compared between patients with and without hydroxychloroquine as part of their treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.

RESULTS

Among 722 included patients, 290 (40%) were receiving hydroxychloroquine. During the seventeen-week study period, 10 (3.4% [95% CI: 1.7%-6.7%] cases of COVID-19 were registered among patients with hydroxychloroquine and 13 (3.0% [1.6%-5.1%]) (p = 0.565) in those without hydroxychloroquine. COVID-19 was diagnosed by PCR in four (1.4%, 95% CI 0.38%-3.5%) subject with hydroxychloroquine and six (1.4%, 95% CI 0.5%-3.0%) without hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.697). Three patients on hydroxychloroquine and four patients without hydroxychloroquine were admitted to the hospital, none of them required to be transferred to the intensive care unit and no patient died during the episode.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence and severity of COVID-19 among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine was not significantly different.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249036
PubMed: 33831011
PubMed Central: PMC8031374

Affiliations:

Espagne

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Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Moreno, Paz" sort="Gonzalez Moreno, Paz" uniqKey="Gonzalez Moreno P" first="Paz" last="González-Moreno">Paz González-Moreno</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Morillo Verdugo, Ram N" sort="Morillo Verdugo, Ram N" uniqKey="Morillo Verdugo R" first="Ram N" last="Morillo-Verdugo">Ram N Morillo-Verdugo</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Serna, Alejandro" sort="Gonzalez Serna, Alejandro" uniqKey="Gonzalez Serna A" first="Alejandro" last="González-Serna">Alejandro González-Serna</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Moreno, Paz" sort="Gonzalez Moreno, Paz" uniqKey="Gonzalez Moreno P" first="Paz" last="González-Moreno">Paz González-Moreno</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Martinez, M Victoria" sort="Martinez, M Victoria" uniqKey="Martinez M" first="M Victoria" last="Martínez">M Victoria Martínez</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Serna, Alejandro" sort="Gonzalez Serna, Alejandro" uniqKey="Gonzalez Serna A" first="Alejandro" last="González-Serna">Alejandro González-Serna</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Corma, Anais" sort="Corma, Anais" uniqKey="Corma A" first="Anaïs" last="Corma">Anaïs Corma</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Real, Luis M" sort="Real, Luis M" uniqKey="Real L" first="Luis M" last="Real">Luis M. Real</name>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (epidemiology)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage)</term>
<term>Incidence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (MeSH)</term>
<term>Retrospective Studies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Rheumatic Diseases (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Rheumatic Diseases (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Spain (epidemiology)</term>
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<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term>
<term>Espagne (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Facteurs de risque (MeSH)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (administration et posologie)</term>
<term>Incidence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mâle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Prophylaxie après exposition (MeSH)</term>
<term>Prophylaxie pré-exposition (MeSH)</term>
<term>Rhumatismes (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Rhumatismes (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term>
<term>Études rétrospectives (MeSH)</term>
<term>Études transversales (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Spain</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Rheumatic Diseases</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term>
<term>Rheumatic Diseases</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Rhumatismes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Espagne</term>
<term>Rhumatismes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Incidence</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Post-Exposure Prophylaxis</term>
<term>Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis</term>
<term>Retrospective Studies</term>
<term>Risk Factors</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Facteurs de risque</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Incidence</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Prophylaxie après exposition</term>
<term>Prophylaxie pré-exposition</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Études rétrospectives</term>
<term>Études transversales</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>Hydroxychloroquine is not efficacious as post-exposure prophylaxis against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is not known whether as pre-exposure prophylaxis it may prevent COVID-19.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>
</p>
<p>To compare the incidence of COVID-19 in Spanish patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases treated with and without hydroxychloroquine.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>PATIENTS AND METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>Retrospective electronic record review, from February 27th to June 21st, 2020, of patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases followed at two academic tertiary care hospitals in Seville, Spain. The cumulative incidence of confirmed COVID-19, by PCR or serology, was compared between patients with and without hydroxychloroquine as part of their treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>Among 722 included patients, 290 (40%) were receiving hydroxychloroquine. During the seventeen-week study period, 10 (3.4% [95% CI: 1.7%-6.7%] cases of COVID-19 were registered among patients with hydroxychloroquine and 13 (3.0% [1.6%-5.1%]) (p = 0.565) in those without hydroxychloroquine. COVID-19 was diagnosed by PCR in four (1.4%, 95% CI 0.38%-3.5%) subject with hydroxychloroquine and six (1.4%, 95% CI 0.5%-3.0%) without hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.697). Three patients on hydroxychloroquine and four patients without hydroxychloroquine were admitted to the hospital, none of them required to be transferred to the intensive care unit and no patient died during the episode.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>
</p>
<p>The incidence and severity of COVID-19 among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine was not significantly different.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<Month>04</Month>
<Day>19</Day>
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<Month>04</Month>
<Day>19</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>16</Volume>
<Issue>4</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2021</Year>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>PloS one</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>PLoS One</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Similar incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine therapy.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0249036</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0249036</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Hydroxychloroquine is not efficacious as post-exposure prophylaxis against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is not known whether as pre-exposure prophylaxis it may prevent COVID-19.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE">To compare the incidence of COVID-19 in Spanish patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases treated with and without hydroxychloroquine.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="PATIENTS AND METHODS">Retrospective electronic record review, from February 27th to June 21st, 2020, of patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases followed at two academic tertiary care hospitals in Seville, Spain. The cumulative incidence of confirmed COVID-19, by PCR or serology, was compared between patients with and without hydroxychloroquine as part of their treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Among 722 included patients, 290 (40%) were receiving hydroxychloroquine. During the seventeen-week study period, 10 (3.4% [95% CI: 1.7%-6.7%] cases of COVID-19 were registered among patients with hydroxychloroquine and 13 (3.0% [1.6%-5.1%]) (p = 0.565) in those without hydroxychloroquine. COVID-19 was diagnosed by PCR in four (1.4%, 95% CI 0.38%-3.5%) subject with hydroxychloroquine and six (1.4%, 95% CI 0.5%-3.0%) without hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.697). Three patients on hydroxychloroquine and four patients without hydroxychloroquine were admitted to the hospital, none of them required to be transferred to the intensive care unit and no patient died during the episode.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">The incidence and severity of COVID-19 among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine was not significantly different.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Macías</LastName>
<ForeName>Juan</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4778-790X</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>González-Moreno</LastName>
<ForeName>Paz</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sánchez-García</LastName>
<ForeName>Esther</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morillo-Verdugo</LastName>
<ForeName>Ramón</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pharmacy, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pérez-Venegas</LastName>
<ForeName>José J</ForeName>
<Initials>JJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pinilla</LastName>
<ForeName>Ana</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Macho</LastName>
<ForeName>MªMar</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martínez</LastName>
<ForeName>MªVictoria</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>González-Serna</LastName>
<ForeName>Alejandro</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Corma</LastName>
<ForeName>Anaïs</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Real</LastName>
<ForeName>Luis M</ForeName>
<Initials>LM</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-4932-7429</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pineda</LastName>
<ForeName>Juan A</ForeName>
<Initials>JA</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3751-0296</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D003160">Comparative Study</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016448">Multicenter Study</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D064888">Observational Study</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>PLoS One</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101285081</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1932-6203</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="N">prevention & control</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="Y">administration & dosage</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015994" MajorTopicYN="N">Incidence</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D056990" MajorTopicYN="Y">Post-Exposure Prophylaxis</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D065129" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012216" MajorTopicYN="N">Rheumatic Diseases</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="Y">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013030" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Spain</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<CoiStatement>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</CoiStatement>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>09</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>4</Month>
<Day>8</Day>
<Hour>17</Hour>
<Minute>25</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>4</Month>
<Day>9</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>4</Month>
<Day>20</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33831011</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0249036</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">PONE-D-20-20084</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC8031374</ArticleId>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>Espagne</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Macias, Juan" sort="Macias, Juan" uniqKey="Macias J" first="Juan" last="Macías">Juan Macías</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Corma, Anais" sort="Corma, Anais" uniqKey="Corma A" first="Anaïs" last="Corma">Anaïs Corma</name>
<name sortKey="Gonzalez Moreno, Paz" sort="Gonzalez Moreno, Paz" uniqKey="Gonzalez Moreno P" first="Paz" last="González-Moreno">Paz González-Moreno</name>
<name sortKey="Gonzalez Serna, Alejandro" sort="Gonzalez Serna, Alejandro" uniqKey="Gonzalez Serna A" first="Alejandro" last="González-Serna">Alejandro González-Serna</name>
<name sortKey="Macho, M Mar" sort="Macho, M Mar" uniqKey="Macho M" first="M Mar" last="Macho">M Mar Macho</name>
<name sortKey="Martinez, M Victoria" sort="Martinez, M Victoria" uniqKey="Martinez M" first="M Victoria" last="Martínez">M Victoria Martínez</name>
<name sortKey="Morillo Verdugo, Ram N" sort="Morillo Verdugo, Ram N" uniqKey="Morillo Verdugo R" first="Ram N" last="Morillo-Verdugo">Ram N Morillo-Verdugo</name>
<name sortKey="Perez Venegas, Jose J" sort="Perez Venegas, Jose J" uniqKey="Perez Venegas J" first="José J" last="Pérez-Venegas">José J. Pérez-Venegas</name>
<name sortKey="Pineda, Juan A" sort="Pineda, Juan A" uniqKey="Pineda J" first="Juan A" last="Pineda">Juan A. Pineda</name>
<name sortKey="Pinilla, Ana" sort="Pinilla, Ana" uniqKey="Pinilla A" first="Ana" last="Pinilla">Ana Pinilla</name>
<name sortKey="Real, Luis M" sort="Real, Luis M" uniqKey="Real L" first="Luis M" last="Real">Luis M. Real</name>
<name sortKey="Sanchez Garcia, Esther" sort="Sanchez Garcia, Esther" uniqKey="Sanchez Garcia E" first="Esther" last="Sánchez-García">Esther Sánchez-García</name>
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	Serveur d'exploration COVID et hydrochloroquine
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Similar incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine therapy.

Similar incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine therapy.

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